The Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS), in its latest report, has identified Khalistani extremism as a threat to Canada’s national security. The report also alleged that various countries, including China, Russia and India, interfered in Canada’s internal political processes through espionage activities.
In the report, CSIS noted that the past year marked the 40th anniversary of the bombing of Air India Flight 182, carried out by suspects linked to Canada-based Khalistani extremist (CBKE) groups. The attack remains the deadliest terrorist incident in Canadian history, claiming 329 lives, most of them Canadians. The report added that no CBKE-related attacks were recorded in Canada during 2025.
The agency stated that continued involvement of some CBKE elements in violent extremist activities still poses a national security risk to Canada and its interests. It said certain individuals connected to these groups maintain links with Canadian citizens and allegedly use Canadian institutions to promote extremist agendas and raise funds, which may later be diverted towards violent activities.
The report further stated that India engages in what it described as transnational repression through long-standing relationships with influential political figures and sections of the Indo-Canadian community. According to CSIS, India has historically developed covert relationships with politicians, journalists and community members to expand its influence and advance strategic interests.
It said such activities included surveillance and coercive measures aimed at suppressing criticism of the Indian government and creating fear within parts of the community. The report noted that while India views Khalistan separatism as a threat to its domestic stability, advocacy supporting Khalistan remains a lawful political activity in Canada.
The assessment in the report is based on developments observed during 2025. Bilateral relations between India and Canada appear to have shifted after Mark Carney assumed office as Canada’s Prime Minister. Ahead of Carney’s visit to India earlier this year, Canadian officials had indicated that they did not believe India was currently linked to violent crimes or security threats on Canadian soil.
Also read: Modi, Carney to reset India-Canada ties
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