Sudan’s civil war is leading the country towards catastrophic and unimaginable outcomes as the warring parties fail to inflict a decisive defeat on each other.
The war has displaced millions, while millions are staring at death by starvation as the threat of famine looms large. However, the Sudanese armed forces courageously announced the recapture of central Khartoum in March.
The pictures of its leader, Gen Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, walking through the ruins of the capital's Republican Palace, which had been controlled by the paramilitaries of the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) since the earliest days of the war in April 2023.
The army deployed weapons newly acquired from Egypt, Turkey and other Middle Eastern countries, including Qatar and Iran. Yet its offence quickly stalled.
Much of the centre of Khartoum has been left in ruins following the battle for the capital.
The RSF, headed by General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, known as "Hemedti", responded with a devastating drone attack on Port Sudan, which is both the interim capital of the military government and also the main entry point for humanitarian aid.
Hemedti struck a deal with Abdel Aziz al-Hilu, the veteran rebel commander of the Sudan People's Liberation Army-North, which controls the Nuba Mountains near the border with South Sudan.
Sudan's civilians, who six years ago managed the extraordinary feat of overthrowing the country's long-time leader, Omar al-Bashir, through non-violent protests, are in disarray.
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Multiple groups are aligned with Burhan, with Hemedti or trying to create a neutral position. They are all active on social media, polarised, acrimonious and fragmented over the issues of controlling the territory.
The neighbourhood committees that were the driving forces of the civic resolution are clinging to life.
The Sudan crisis remains unresolved, as 522,000 children have been killed in the conflict since 2023, while the actual number of deaths remains to be seen to this day.
At least 61,000 people have died in Khartoum State alone, of which 26,000 were a direct result of the violence.
As of 5 February 2025, over 8.8 million were internally displaced, and more than 3.5 million others had fled the country as refugees.
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